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Saffron is characterised by a bitter taste and a hay-like fragrance; these are caused by the chemicals picrocrocin and safranal.It also contains a carotenoid dye, crocin, that gives food a rich golden-yellow colour. These traits make saffron a much-sought after ingredient in many foods worldwide. Saffron also has medicinal applications.
Saffron is derived from the flower of the saffron crocus. There are three stigmas in each flower. The stalk connecting the stigmas to the rest of the plant are often dried and used in cooking as a seasoning and colouring agent.
Saffron, which has for decades been the world’s most expensive spice by weight, is native to Southwest Asia. It was first cultivated around Greece. History
The history of saffron cultivation reaches back more than 3,000 years. Cultivators bred wild specimens by selecting for unusually long stigmas, as far back as the late Bronze Age. Since 700BC, documentation of saffron’s use in the treatment of around 90 illnesses has been discovered.
Saffron is used both as a spice and as a medicine in the Mediterranean region, with usage and cultivation slowly spreading over the centuries, to other parts of Eurasia as well as North Africa and North America.
There are a handful of “premium” saffron types. For example, ‘Aquila’ saffron is cultivated in the Navelli Valley, near L’Aquila, in the Abruzzo region of Italy. There, saffron is grown on just eight hectares of land. At present, this is its exclusive domain worldwide. It is distinguished by the shape and colour of its stigmas and styles as well as its high safranal content. These give ‘Aquila’ saffron an unusually pungent aroma. In addition, high crocin content results in exceptional colouring ability. ‘Aquila’ was first introduced to Italy from Inquisition-era Spain by a Dominican monk. Thereafter, for the duration of the Middle Ages, ‘Aquila’ became Europe’s most sought-after cultivars.
But in Italy the biggest saffron cultivation, for quality and quantity, is in San Gavino Monreale, Sardinia. There, saffron is grown on 40 hectares (comprising 60% of Italian production); it also has very high crocin, picrocrocin, and safranal content.
Another premium saffron is the Kashmiri “Mongra” or “Lacha” saffron, which is among the most difficult and expensive for non-Indian consumers to obtain. It is even hard for Indian consumers to obtain, as most stores in India sell the cheaper Spanish saffron. Kashmiri saffron is recognisable by its extremely dark maroon-purple hue, among the world’s darkest, which suggests the saffron’s strong flavour, aroma, and colouring effect.
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Go to any family restaurant with Italian dining in mind and you are likely to order chicken parmesan, pasta alfredo, spaghetti and meatballs, or maybe a pizza. It is easy to think that some pasta, some marinara sauce, a crust of Italian bread and a glass of wine is the beginning and end of Italian cuisine, especially if you grew up in the United States. There is much more than red sauce and starch on the agenda for most Italian regional cuisines, and with all of the various regions and cultures in the boot on the ocean, Italian regional cuisines have as much range as your average New York City block.
There is the tourist region of Tuscany, on the northwestern coast of Italy. Tuscany is sought out for its simple but delicious dishes, seasoned sparingly with basil, parsley, and thyme. Tuscan bread and a little bit of olive oil is a big part of the seafood dishes of the Tuscan region.
Abruzzo, a little known treasure in the middle eastern section of the boot mixes chili peppers into almost all of their dishes. Like many other regions in Italy, there is a mixture of mountain and seafood dishes. Pasta is very often a first course, instead of a part of a stew or entre. Most of the chefs in the Abruzzo region are skilled at hand rolling their own stuffed pastas, and crepes are used in meat dishes, rolled in savory sauces or put in to broths. Polenta is enjoyed with hearty sausages and rich, meaty sauces.
Sardinia, an island off of the western coast of Italy is home to a rich fishing tradition as well as a beautiful mountainous inland landscape. This, in addition to a rich heritage of not only Italians, but also Arabs, French, Greeks, and Spaniards, has made the island home to a diverse culture of seafood and meat dishes spiced with fennel and saffron. Stews and rich, hearty pastas make up a large part of the local cuisine in Sardinia, as well as sheep milks cheese.
Emilia-Romagna is perhaps the most sought out region of Italy in terms of local cuisine. It is often called the market basket of Italy. Located in northern Italy, Emilia-Romagna is home to many of Italys most renowned dishes, like Prosciutto di Parma, Mortadella, Parmigiano-Reggiano, and balsamic vinegar. Chefs in the Emilia Romagna region have a penchant for gregarious presentation and rich spices.
Much like the American idea of Chinese food, the American idea of Italian food is only the tip of the iceberg. Italian regional cuisine is marked by the countrys locality to northern Africa and other Mediterranean countries, as well as a diverse local landscape, ranging from mountains to oceans. Sheppards, shopkeepers, farmers, and fisherman all contribute to one of the most diverse cultural cuisines in the world. Next time you are in the mood for Italian food, try something a little bit different than your usual spaghetti and meatballs, maybe a saffron seafood stew or a polenta. Rest assured, you wont think of the words Italian cuisine the same again.
About the Author
This article provided courtesy of http://www.organic-foods-guide.com
Written By: Steve Wilcott